Защо S.M.A.R.T tools
Ако сте системен адиминистратор и сте отговорни за управлението на Linux системи, то тогава се препоръчва честото проверяване на състоянието на SSD и HDD дисковете. Това ще помогне да се определят дискове които имат повреди и съответно те да бъдат заменени преди да се загуби информацията в тях. S.M.A.R.T tools е предназначен да наблюдава състоянието на SSD, и HDD, позволявайки тестове на дисковете по всяко време.
Какво е нужно:
Сървър или Десктоп, използващ операционна система Linux.
Root парола на операционната система.
Инсталиране на Smartctl
Smartctl е по подразбиране заложена в хранилището на всички главни дистрибуции на Linux. За Debian и Ubuntu, инсталирайте Smartctl, използвайки следната команда:
apt-get install smartmontools -yЗа RHEL, CentOS, и Fedora, инсталирайте Smartctl, използвайки следната команда:
dnf install smartmontoolsСлед инсталирането на Smartctl, стартирайте Smartctl обслужването използвайки следната команда:
systemctl status smartdТрябва да получите следното съобщение:
[sudo] password for samyil:
● smartmontools.service - Self Monitoring and Reporting Technology (SMART) Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/smartmontools.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-10-09 10:06:11 EEST; 5min ago
Docs: man:smartd(8)
man:smartd.conf(5)
Main PID: 2857 (smartd)
Status: "Next check of 1 device will start at 10:36:11"
Tasks: 1 (limit: 4513)
Memory: 1.5M
CGroup: /system.slice/smartmontools.service
└─2857 /usr/sbin/smartd -n
Oct 09 10:06:11 storage smartd[2857]: Drive: DEVICESCAN, implied '-a' Directive on line 21 of file /etc/smartd.conf
Oct 09 10:06:11 storage smartd[2857]: Configuration file /etc/smartd.conf was parsed, found DEVICESCAN, scanning devices
Oct 09 10:06:11 storage smartd[2857]: Device: /dev/sda, type changed from 'scsi' to 'sat'
Oct 09 10:06:11 storage smartd[2857]: Device: /dev/sda [SAT], opened
Oct 09 10:06:11 storage smartd[2857]: Device: /dev/sda [SAT], WDC WD100EFAX-68LHPN0, S/N:1EHTGV5Z, WWN:5-000cca-27ed93822, FW:83.H0A83, 10.0 TB
Oct 09 10:06:11 storage smartd[2857]: Device: /dev/sda [SAT], found in smartd database: Western Digital Red
Oct 09 10:06:11 storage smartd[2857]: Device: /dev/sda [SAT], is SMART capable. Adding to "monitor" list.
Oct 09 10:06:11 storage smartd[2857]: Monitoring 1 ATA/SATA, 0 SCSI/SAS and 0 NVMe devices
Oct 09 10:06:11 storage smartd[2857]: Device: /dev/sda [SAT], state written to /var/lib/smartmontools/smartd.WDC_WD100EFAX_68LHPN0-1EHTGV5Z.ata.state
Oct 09 10:06:11 storage systemd[1]: Started Self Monitoring and Reporting Technology (SMART) Daemon.
Проверка на състоянието на SSD/HDD
След инсталирането на Smartctl, ще трябва да включите SMART features на вашия хард диск. Изпълнете следната команда:
smartctl -s on /dev/sdaПървото нещо, което ще трябва да направите е да получите информацията от SSD или HDD. Това става по този начин:
smartctl -i /dev/sdaТова ще ви даде подробна информация за вашия хард диск.
samyil@storage:~$ sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-88-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Red
Device Model: WDC WD100EFAX-68LHPN0
Serial Number: 1EHTGV5Z
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 27ed93822
Firmware Version: 83.H0A83
User Capacity: 10,000,831,348,736 bytes [10.0 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sat Oct 9 10:44:14 2021 EEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: EnabledТест на SSD и HDD
Ако искате да извършите кратък тест на устройството, изпълнете следната команда:
smartctl -t short -a /dev/sdaТрябва да получите следния изход:
samyil@storage:~$ sudo smartctl -t short -a /dev/sda
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-88-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Red
Device Model: WDC WD100EFAX-68LHPN0
Serial Number: 1EHTGV5Z
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 27ed93822
Firmware Version: 83.H0A83
User Capacity: 10,000,831,348,736 bytes [10.0 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sat Oct 9 10:51:54 2021 EEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x80) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 93) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: (1099) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 016 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0004 131 131 054 Old_age Offline - 104
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 162 162 024 Pre-fail Always - 437 (Average 372)
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 56
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000a 100 100 067 Old_age Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0004 128 128 020 Old_age Offline - 18
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 3088
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0012 100 100 060 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 56
22 Helium_Level 0x0023 100 100 025 Pre-fail Always - 100
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 4624
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0012 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 4624
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 216 216 000 Old_age Always - 30 (Min/Max 21/38)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x000a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 2 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sat Oct 9 10:53:54 2021 EEST
Use smartctl -X to abort test.Този кратък тест ще провери Електрическите и Механическите свойства, заедно с Read/Verify. За да намерите и принтирате резултата на самопроверката, изпълнете следната команда след около 5 минути:
smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdaТрябва да получите подобен резултат
samyil@storage:~$ sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-88-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 3089 -За да изпълните подробен тест, използвайте следната команда:
smartctl -t long -a /dev/sdaТрябва да получите следния изход:
samyil@storage:~$ sudo smartctl -t long -a /dev/sda
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-88-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Red
Device Model: WDC WD100EFAX-68LHPN0
Serial Number: 1EHTGV5Z
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 27ed93822
Firmware Version: 83.H0A83
User Capacity: 10,000,831,348,736 bytes [10.0 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sat Oct 9 11:01:36 2021 EEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x80) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 93) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: (1099) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 016 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0004 131 131 054 Old_age Offline - 104
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 162 162 024 Pre-fail Always - 437 (Average 372)
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 56
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000a 100 100 067 Old_age Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0004 128 128 020 Old_age Offline - 18
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 3089
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0012 100 100 060 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 56
22 Helium_Level 0x0023 100 100 025 Pre-fail Always - 100
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 4624
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0012 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 4624
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 216 216 000 Old_age Always - 30 (Min/Max 21/38)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x000a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 3089 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 1099 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sun Oct 10 05:20:36 2021 EEST
Use smartctl -X to abort test.
За да прекратите теста, използвайте следната команда:
smartctl -X /dev/sdaЗа да видите възможна най много информация, използвайте командата:
smartctl -d ata -H /dev/sdaЗа да проверите прогнозираното време за провеждането на проверката, използвайте командата:
smartctl -c /dev/sdaЗа да принтирате само регистъра с грешките, изпълнете командата:
smartctl -l error /dev/sdaЗа да получите помощна информация, изпълнете:
smartctl --helpЗаключение
В това ръководство, се научихте как да инсталирате и използвате S.M.A.R.T monitoring tool, за да проверите състоянието на вашите SSD и HDD дискове. За повече информация, отворете smartctl man page.
